Belonging category：Cremation equipment Publishing Date：20240114 views：4
Spark-gap cremator: it is mainly divided into ash-picking cremator, flat-plate cremator and grate-bar cremator. Because all cremators now use diesel as auxiliary fuel, they are collectively called oil-fired cremators. Cremator refers to the equipment used to cremate the remains, which belongs to a kind of incinerator. It usually includes main combustion chamber, reburning chamber, flue gas treatment system, air supply system, combustion system, electric control system, body transport vehicle, ash removal and cooling system, etc.
Composition and Principle of Cremator
1. General composition of fuel cremator
1.1 Oil-fired cremators generally consist of the following parts:
1.1.1 Main combustion furnace (hereinafter referred to as main combustion furnace)
1.1.2 reburning furnace (reburning furnace for short)
1.1.3 Blower
1.1.4 Oil tank
1.1.5 Oil system 1.1.6 Air system
1.1.7 Electric control box (hereinafter referred to as electric control box) 1.1.8 Smoke exhaust device
1.1.9 Corpse transport vehicle
1.1.10 Others
1.2 The main burner is the main part of the oil-fired cremator. The structure and performance of the main burner determine the use effect of the oil-fired cremator.
1.3 The reburning furnace is the supplementary part of the main combustion furnace, and the unburned objects generated in the main combustion furnace can be completely burned through the second combustion of the reburning furnace. According to the structural characteristics of the main combustion furnace, the reburning furnace may not be used.
1.4 Blower is a component that sends the air needed for combustion to the combustion chamber. Determine the wind pressure and air volume as required. Sometimes natural ventilation is adopted according to the furnace structure.
1.5 Oil tank is a short-term storage component of fuel for oil-fired cremators. Oil-fired cremators must have oil tanks.
1.6 Oil system includes oil delivery pipeline, various control valves and oil nozzles. The working performance of the oil system, especially the fuel injector, directly affects the combustion performance of the fuel-fired cremator.
1.7 The air duct system includes air ducts and various valves. According to the design requirements, cold air or hot air can be introduced.
1.8 The electric control box is the centralized part of the control circuit, control instruments and components of each part of the oil-fired cremator. According to the different degree of automation requirements, its structure and size are also different.
1.9 The smoke exhaust device makes the gas produced after the combustion of the burnt objects in the furnace be discharged into the atmosphere, and causes the normal working pressure in the furnace, that is, negative pressure. Brick chimney can be used where conditions permit.
1.10 The corpse delivery vehicle is a device for delivering corpses into the main combustion furnace. Design according to the requirements of civilization, hygiene, mechanization and automation.
2 technical requirements
2.1 The structure and performance of the oil-fired cremator must meet the requirements of civilization, durability and beauty, and be manufactured according to the product drawings and technical documents approved by the prescribed procedures.
2.2 The fuel used for the oil-fired cremator is 0-10 diesel oil or fuel heavy oil according to different regions and climatic conditions.
2.3 The fuel consumption of the oil-fired cremator shall not exceed an average of 8kg per corpse.
2.4 The cremation time of the oil-fired cremation machine shall not exceed an average of 45 minutes per corpse. In order to ensure civilized cremation, tools such as hooks and rakes are not allowed to turn over the body during normal cremation.
2.5 Standard concentration limit value of pollutants discharged by oil-fired cremators (omitted)
2.5.1 Smoke and dust is the general name of total suspended particles and floating dust proposed in "Atmospheric Environmental Quality Standard" GB3095-82.
2.5.2 Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are the main components that produce odor.
2.5.3 Under normal operation, the smoke blackness of the oil-fired cremator shall not exceed the Lingemann level; Under special circumstances such as overshoot and furnace cleaning, the time when the smoke blackness exceeds Grade II in Lingemann shall not exceed ten minutes in eight hours, but shall not exceed Grade III in Lingemann.
2.5.4 Allowable amount of pollutants discharged from chimney (omitted)
2.6 Fuel-fired cremation machine should meet the requirements of civilized cremation and ensure that ashes are not allowed to be mixed; Ensure the quality of ashes.
2.6.1 Mixed ashes refer to the lumpy ashes of a corpse mixed with the ashes of another corpse.
2.6.2 The quality of ashes means that the appearance quality reaches white ashes.
2.7 Limit value of noise intensity generated by oil-fired cremators (omitted)
2.8 There is no obvious smell of cremated bodies in the cremation room where the oil-fired cremator works.
2.9 The parts and components used in the oil-fired cremator shall comply with the provisions of relevant standards.
2.10 The performance of the oil-fired cremator shall be stable and reliable, and the connection of parts and components shall be firm.
2.11 The oil-fired cremator shall not leak oil, water or gas, which meets the requirements of civilization and hygiene.
2.11.1 Water leakage refers to the outflow of liquid produced in the process of corpse cremation.
2.11.2 Air leakage means that the smoke generated during cremation or combustion of the corpse comes out of the furnace.
2.12 The average surface temperature rise of main combustion furnace and reburning furnace is not allowed to exceed 50℃.
2.13 to ensure the thermal insulation performance of the furnace. The furnace temperature should be higher than 300℃ after 16 hours of shutdown.
2.14 The appearance of the oil-fired cremator should be beautiful and generous.
2.15 Safety measures such as fire prevention should be considered for oil-fired cremators.
3 monitoring methods and acceptance rules
3.1 The monitoring and analysis methods of pollutants in this standard are as follows:
Smoke and dust: filter cartridge subtraction method
Sulfur dioxide: rosaniline hydrochloride colorimetry
Ammonium oxide: naphthyl ethylenediamine hydrochloride colorimetry
Carbon monoxide: Austenite gas analyzer absorption method, infrared analysis gas chromatography, mercury replacement method.
Hydrogen sulfide: methylene blue colorimetry and iodometry
Ammonia: neutralization titration
3.2 Oil-fired cremators will inevitably discharge pollutants in the process of work, which is the pollution source of the atmospheric environment from a macro perspective. Therefore, the specific methods and working procedures of monitoring, sampling, analysis and data processing are carried out according to the relevant standards stipulated by the state.
3.3 Factory test of components:
3.3.1 For the parts and components that have passed the inspection after processing, 10 (but not less than 2) shall be selected from each batch for docking test to ensure interchangeability. Manual adjustment is allowed during docking, but supplementary processing is not allowed. If one of them is unqualified, all of them should be docked for inspection.
3.3.2 After each electric control box is assembled, the control circuit is electrified to check the assembly quality of electrical parts.
3.3.3 Before leaving the factory, test the air pressure and air volume of the blower to check the performance and quality of the blower.
3.3.4 Before leaving the factory, conduct an action flexibility test of the corpse delivery vehicle to check the manufacturing and assembly quality.
3.4 Installation quality inspection:
3.4.1 The installation quality of the equipment directly affects the overall performance of the oil-fired cremator, and the installation quality must be guaranteed.
3.4.2 Conduct quality inspection of the whole installation process according to the drawings and installation process specifications.
3.4.3 All equipment must be baked after installation, and the baking shall be carried out in strict accordance with the technological requirements.
3.4.4 Finally, carry out trial burning and debugging. Check the performance of the whole machine during debugging.
3.5 For the oil-fired cremators delivered, the ordering party's representative has the right to accept them according to the technical requirements of this standard (except for the standard concentration limit value of pollutants discharged by oil-fired cremators).
3.6 The newly designed or improved fuel cremator must be type tested according to this standard. Batch-produced oil-fired cremators shall be type tested every two years according to this standard. Type test can be carried out in the installation and use unit.
3.6.1 Before the type test, keep the furnace at 800-850℃ for 8 hours, then stop the furnace for 16 hours, and then continuously incinerate the corpse for one shift (8 hours). Data were taken from this shift, and the furnace was stopped for 16 hours to test the thermal insulation performance. If the test is not completed in one shift, it is allowed to make up the test from the continuous incineration shift under the same conditions.
3.6.2 The type test shall be assessed according to the articles in Chapter II of this standard. If there are unqualified items, double re-inspection is allowed. If there are still unqualified items, it is determined as unqualified in the type test and the product is unqualified.
3.6.3 The quotient of the total fuel consumption of one shift in the type test divided by the total number of incinerated corpses is the average actual fuel consumption of each corpse. The quotient of the total time from the first corpse to the last corpse divided by the total number of incinerated corpses in the test shift is the average actual incineration time of each corpse.
3.6.4 Type test shall detect the data of pollutant discharge according to Table 1 and Table 2. If the oil-fired cremator is not designed to explain the flue gas, the items in Table 2 can be exempted from measurement.
3.6.5 Measure the temperature rise of the furnace table from time to time after the start of the type test shift. The surface of the furnace body is roughly divided into zones per square meter, and the high point of the surface temperature is measured in each zone. The difference between the average value of each measured value and the room temperature is the actual average temperature rise of the furnace table.
3.6.6 In addition to the above contents, the type test should also focus on the inspection of clauses 2.5.3, 2.6, 2.8, 2.10, 2.11 and 2.13 of this standard.
3.6.7 During recheck or sampling inspection, it is allowed to continuously incinerate three corpses after the furnace temperature is kept at 800-850℃ for two hours, and count and detect from the first one to the third one (calculated by corpses).
4. Quality grade standard for product identification of oil-fired cremators
4.1 In this standard, the "standard concentration limit of pollutants discharged by oil-fired cremators" is taken as the main basis for the respective quality grades.
4.2 The quality grade is divided into three levels.
Superior products: those whose concentration of discharged pollutants reaches the first-class standard or above.
First-class product: the concentration of discharged pollutants reaches the second-class standard or above.
Qualified product: the concentration of discharged pollutants reaches the third-class standard or above.
4.3 The concentration of discharged pollutants can't reach the third-class standard, which is considered as nonconforming product. Unqualified products are not allowed to be produced or used.
4.4 The monitoring data of pollutants shall be subject to the monitoring results of the monitoring unit designated by the competent department.
4.5 According to the provisions of "Atmospheric Environmental Quality Standard" GB 3095-82, the oil-fired cremators with different quality grades are installed in different environmental areas, and the installation and use areas are as follows:
Superior products are generally installed in the following areas for use.
Second-class products are generally installed in areas below Class II for use.
Qualified products are generally installed in areas below Class III for use.